Merecerization treatment for cotton yarn fibers is very essential process to increase the luster, tensile strength and enhancement their dyability. Mercerization is a process applied to cellulosic fibers typically cotton or cotton covered thread with a polyester core but hemp and linen can be mercerized also to increase luster. Such goods are frequently mercerized to bring the lustre of cotton nearer to that of rayon and also to reduce as far as possible the disparity in the. The dimensional stability of cotton is improved with mercerization because it the process shrinks the fibers. Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by crossref and updated daily. That is, dyes which work on cotton will not work on polyester, nylon, acrylic, wool and many other commonly used textile fibers. The artifacts in mercerized cotton, especially the yarn, take naturally features hypoallergenic, antibacterial and hygroscopic behavior, that absorb and scatter more in the air, the natural perspiration of the body. Structural differences between scoured cotton and slack mercerized. Transitional properties of cotton fibers from cellulose i to. Us2769685a treatment of cotton fabrics to increase their. Effective mercerization requires the use of wetting agents. The cltcct of using mercerized cotton fibcrs on thc strcngth of yarns and falirics mndc of cottonpolycstcr blcnds studied. Mercerizing mercerizing is the process of treatment of cellulosic material with cold or hot caustic conditions under specific conditions to improve its appearance and physical as well as chemical properties.
Pdf mechanical and structural properties of mercerized cotton. Mechanical and structural properties of mercerized cotton. Alkaline treatments mercerization, the treatment of cotton with a strong caustic alkaline solution in order to improve the luster, hand and other properties, was named after its discoverer, john mercer, and has been in use for some time. Mercerization is carried out on yarns, fabrics or open or tubular knits. From figure 3, it can be seen that ftir spectra of kapok fiber curve a and kapok blended yarn curve. Bleaching is enough for prepared the fabrics for dyeing and printing but mercerizing is done for adding some advantage to the fabric. The caustic actually rearranges the cellulose molecules in the fiber to produce these changes. Mar 27, 2017 247 cotton, shown above, is a worsted weight 100% mercerized cotton from lion brand yarn. Process flow chart for cotton mercerizing of denim is given below. Following the mercerization the cotton fiber greatly improves the ability to transpire, what the capacity to absorb the moisture present on the surface of our skin and with the effect of heat, release to the environment. Apparatus for controlling the variables was built and yarns were mercerized with it under systematically varied conditions of tension, time, temperature, and concentration of caustic soda. Although mercerization can be done with the caustic concentration ranging between 150be to 380be, as for as the economy of the process and optimum mercerizing effect in yarn.
Pdf bleached cotton fabric is treated with an aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide tmah or with sodium hydroxide in. The experimental work of this paper shows that the penetration of a mercerizing lye into a cotton yarn can be described as a function of the viscosity of the alkali solution, the degree of swelling of the fibre obtained when mercerizing the single fibre, the time of treatment and the tension applied during the mercerizing treatment. According to these results, regardless of the increase in the concentration of the alkali, above about 60c, complete mercerization does not take place. Mercerization is a finishing treatment of cotton with a strong caustic alkaline solution in order to improve the luster, hard and other properties, was names after its discoverer, john mercer, and has been in use for sometime.
Mercerized cotton, benefits absorption and perspiration. Liquid ammonia and caustic mercerization of cotton fibers. It is shown in the xray diffraction study that the modification of the cellulose crystal lattice occurs. In 1890, horace lowe added an additional step to the process, and the british cotton industry began to take an interest in this type of cotton, which is. Although it tends also to increase strength, it is essentially a process to while improve the appearance of cotton. It was patented in 1850 under the name mercerization. Pdf effect of mercerization techniques on cotton towels. An investigation on the effect of hot mercerization on cotton. A consistent degree of mercerization is very often a necessary prerequisite in cotton fabric preparation prior to dyeing. The modern production method for mercerised cotton, also known as pearl or pearle cotton, gives cotton thread or cotton covered thread with a. In dry mercerization, the process is carried out while drying the fabric on a stenter.
Jordanov et al mechanical and structural properties of mercerized cotton yarns, bioscoured with pectinases, tekstil 59 10 439446 2010. Mercerizing also gives cotton cloth increased tensile strength, greater absorptive properties, and, usually, a high degree of lustre, depending on the method used. Nov 01, 2018 the mercerization process was first discovered by john mercer 17911866. Dye takes to mercerized cotton easier and thus produces richer tones. Mercerizing process in textile industry fashion2apparel. Mechanisms of degradation of cotton and effects of mercerization.
However, because the basic structure of cotton is cellulose, the dyes which work on cotton will also work on other cellulose based fibers such as linen, ramie, rayon and. This test method provides a method for the determination of the presence of mercerization in dyed and undyed cotton yarns and fabrics. Mercerized cotton prints normally exhibit maximum color brightness and improved colorfastness for a given dye. Based on dyeing and other properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and crease recovery, it was shown that crosslinking decreases considerably the affinity of cotton to caustic soda solution. Hydrolytic and oxidative desizing, enzymatic desizing, mechanism of removal of soil, surfactants and their application. Us3849067a process for the mercerization of cotton. Advances in the ammonia mercerization and finishing in denim. Mercerization of cotton with tetramethylammonium hydroxide article pdf available in textile research journal 733. Woven and knit cotton fabrics with improved strength, smooth drying appearance, dimensional stability, abrasion resistance, and hand have been produced by rapid and continuous tension mercerization with liquid ammonia using an improved chainless mercerizer. Ftir characteristics the ftir characteristics of native and mercerized cotton fibers in the range of 4000 to cm1 are shown in fig. Estimating the degree of mercerization using nearinfrared. Mercerization process of cotton fabric textile learner.
This is a preshrinking that means there is not much dimensional instability left in the fibers. Transitional properties of cotton fibers from cellulose i. An additional advantage of ammonia mercerization is the absence of alkaline oxycellulose that results with caustic treatments, which is evidenced by strengthlosses and dyeing variation. While mercerization can greatly improve luster, it cannot make up for deficiencies in the luster of the raw cotton itself, and in order to produce products of superior luster, primary considerations relate to the choice of raw cotton, the twisting and manufacture of the cotton yarn and the structure of the fabric. Mercerization is a treatment of cotton with a strong alkali solution in order to improve luster, dimensional stability, dye affinity, chemical reactivity, tensile strength, and smoothness of the cotton fabrics. Study on mercerization of cotton fabric textile course. Mar 01, 2003 mercerization of cotton with tetramethylammonium hydroxide article pdf available in textile research journal 733. Steps of fabric processing in mercerization machine. Mercerization improves the smoothness, dimensional stability, strength, dye uptake, and luster of cotton fabrics. He discovered the actual mercerizing process and applied for its patent in. Mercerizing object of mercerizing mercerizing treatment. In addition to conventional processes, techniques have been developed to mercerize cotton rayon and cotton polyester blends. Mercerization is one of the most common wet processing of cotton materials to improve the dyeing property. An investigation on the effect of hot mercerization on.
Effect of mercerization techniques on cotton towels properties. Mercerization, the treatment of cotton with a strong caustic alkaline solution in order to improve the luster, hand and other properties, was named after its. In this investigation, a selection of three common yarn patterns 29. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. Mercerization is a process in which textiles typical ly cotton are treated with a caustic naoh solution to improve properties such as fiber strength, shrink. What should be caustic concentration for yarn mercerization. Mercerization gives a much richer and more vibrant color saturation than with unmercerized versions of the same cotton fabric. Influence of mercerization on microstructure and properties. Although mercerization can be done with the caustic concentration ranging between 150be to 380be, as for as the economy of the process and optimum mercerizing effect in yarn, the concentration of the caustic used is 250be225 gpl to 32 0be325 gpl at room temperature. Mercerised cotton invented by john mercer in year 1844. Goldthwait mercerization gives cotton a high luster makes it easier to dye and mercerpro duces brighter and fuller shades. An additional advantage of ammonia mercerization is the absence of alkaline oxycellulose that results with caustic treatments, which is.
If the effluent were released straight into a conventional treatment plant, these operations. Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. Pdf mercerization of cotton with tetramethylammonium. Mercerized cotton will be shinier and stronger than nonmercerized varieties. Luster and strength of the fabric increases for mercerizing process. Mercerization is a typical treatment for cotton yarns and fabrics, which improves the fabric silky luster and wet ability, ensures a covering effect for dead cotton, and improves dimensional stability and dyeing efficiency. Electron microscope image of cotton fibers x2200, a, natural. Mercerization enhances dyeability of all substrates, but the enhancement was much greater in the case of noncrosslinked cotton.
What are the benefits of 100% mercerized cotton crochet threads for your craft projects. Mercerization is utilized to improve properties as dye affinity, chemical reactivity, dimensional stability, tensile strength, luster and smoothness of the cotton fabrics wakida et al. The mercerization process was first discovered by john mercer 17911866. Mercerizing process structure of the fiber constituting the yarns. Apr, 2020 mercerized cotton is cotton which has been treated with sodium hydroxide to bring out certain properties first discovered by john mercer in 1851. The main benefit of using 100% mercerized cotton crochet thread is the luster and vibrance you get. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. In addition, the test will give an indication of the completeness of the reaction between the cotton and the mercerization bath. In a process called mercerization, cotton fibers are exposed to strong alkalis and the result is a swelling of the fibers which ultimately increases their strength and durability and also produces a fabric with a silklike hand and luster. Mercerizing of cotton is done in three basic stages of materials. Behavior of chemically modified cellulose towards dyeing. Mercerization of cotton for strength with special reference. Ammonia treatment results in a more rounded cotton fiber, which scatters light more, in turn resulting in a luster that is less bright.
The object of the present investigation was to determine the conditions for mercerizing cotton yarn to obtain the maximum strength for a given weight. Neither type of cotton is hands down better than the other. Pdf mechanisms of degradation of cotton and effects of. Mercerization of rayon produces more pronounced swelling and shrinkage than mercerization of cotton owing to the lower degree of polymerization of the cellulose, while polyester fibers may be hydrolyzed at the fiber. Mercerization of cottonmanmade cellulosic fibre blends. The swelling of cotton with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is an important commercial treatment. Cotton, like other natural fibers such as linen, wool and silk, is not thermoplastic.
A rapid method of measuring the degree of mercerization was developed by use of a nearirdiffuse reflectance technique which does not require any sample preparation. Mercerizing of cotton fabric methods of mercerizing. Warping v dyeing and sizing v weaving v finishing v washing in mercerizing machine v mercerization v finishing without singeing v inspection. John mercer 17911866 british chemist expts on measurement of viscosity of solutions of different concentrations. Mechanisms of degradation of cotton and effects of. Another characteristic feature is the untwisting deconvolution of the cotton hair. Liquid ammonia and caustic mercerization of cotton fibers using xray, infrared, and sorption measurements a. Advances in the ammonia mercerization and finishing in. Mercerization is a process in which textiles typically cotton are treated with a caustic naoh solution to improve properties such as fiber strength, shrinkage resistance, luster, and dye affinity. Mercerizing also gives cotton cloth increased tensile strength, greater absorptive properties, and, usually, a.
The temperature and concentration for the mercerization of cotton contd the temperature and concentration for the mercerization of cotton contd. Mercerisation of cotton is a fibreswellingstructural relaxation treatment that may be carried out on yarns but more usually on fabrics. It is done after weaving in the case of fabrics or spinning for yarns or threads. Pdf mercerization of cotton with tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The strongest conclusion to be drawn from this work is. The improved lustre of mercerised cotton is due to the production of nearly circular cotton fibres under tension. For very highquality printed cotton goods, either knits or wovens, mercerization may be an additional preparation process. Hank mercerization process is mechanicalcarried out by slack or tension treatment, researchbut combination of slack and tension treatment is usually done to prevent a loss in. Mercerization of cotton enables it have a silklike lustre and somewhat greater strength than that of ordinary cotton. Mechanisms of degradation of cotton and effects of mercerization stretching upon the course of these mechanisms.
Mercerization is one of the important wet procesof cotton materials needed to improve dyeing and physical properties. Mercerized cotton fabrics accept dye so much better than other fabrics, its amazing. Conventional and solvent scouring of cotton, enzymatic scouring, bleaching with oxidative bleaching agents, mercerization of cotton with sodium hydroxide and. On the other hand, it is known that the treatment brings about a stiff hand. The effects of different fabric treatments such as enzymes, bleaching and mercerization on blended light weight and heavy weight cotton kenaf fabrics were compared and measured for softness of hand. In simple terms it is the process to treat cotton yarns or fabric with caustic alkali under tension, in order to increase strength, lustre, and affinity for dye. Here is a picture, side by side, of of mercerized and unmercerized fabrics dyed in. Pdf enzymatic scouring with alkaline and acid pectinases was done on raw and mercerized plied ring worsted cotton yarns. Mercerization gives cotton woven cloth a silky lustre, and is the foundation of. Mercerization may be carried out on grey fibers or after scouringbleaching. Mercerization is a process applied to cellulosic fibers typically cotton or cottoncovered thread with a polyester core but hemp and linen can be mercerized also to increase luster. May 03, 2014 mercerization is a finishing treatment of cotton with a strong caustic alkaline solution in order to improve the luster, hard and other properties, was names after its discoverer, john mercer, and has been in use for sometime.
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